Beneficial effects of anthocyanins against diabetes mellitus associated consequences-A mini review

Anthocyanins (ACN) are water-soluble pigments, belonging to flavonoids, and are present in almost all fruits, and vegetables at varying concentration. About 635 ACN were distinguished based on the position and number of methoxyl and hydroxyl moieties in the basic structure of ACN. Pelargonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin, and petunidin are extensively studied anthocyanidins. The absorption, bioavailability, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, molecular mechanism, and analytical techniques of several phytochemicals were described. The biological benefits (antidiabetic, anti-neuro-disorder, anti-cardiovascular diseases, anti-gastrointestinal diseases, and disorders) of flavonoids and ACN have been reported. Several in vitro, andin vivo reports demonstrated that ACN-rich plant extracts ameliorate the diabetes-associated consequences by reducing the glucose absorption, ROS production, oxidative stress, glomerular angiogenesis, lipid synthesis, and FoxO1 and adipose triglyceride lipase expressions, and improve the insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, glucose uptake, glucose consumption, antioxidant activity. The literature search was made in Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed using the keywords "anthocyanin" and "diabetes". The documents were carefully checked for the relevance to the current manuscript and the selection was made without any chronological restriction. The present manuscript summarizes the updated reports on antihyperglycemic properties of ACN.

Probiotic based therapy for atopic dermatitis: Outcomes of clinical studies

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the chronic inflammatory skin diseases characterized by conflicts in epidermal barrier and wired immune response. About 10％-20％ of the population is affected by AD, especially infants. Topical application of corticosteroids, antihistamines,and antibiotics are used to treat severe AD condition. Recent studies suggest that disturbance in skin and intestinal microbiota is majorly linked to skin diseases. Probiotics are known for the positive alteration of an individual's microbiome and associated with several health benefits. Clinical studies suggest that probiotic and synbiotic supplementation protect infants from a stringent AD to some extent. Reduction in the risk of AD development upon probiotic supplementation was not observed in all studied populations. Further studies are needed to regularize microbiome of skin and intestine in AD patients that may reduce AD severity.Present review summarizes the outcomes from clinical studies on AD using probiotic as an alternative treatment candidate.

A comprehensive review on clinical outcome of probiotic and synbiotic therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases

The composition of gut microflora and its metabolic activity are closely correlated with the host immune system,and the changes in the biometric of the microbiome lead to inflammatory diseases like inflammatory bowel disease.The supplementation of probiotics and synbiotic could indeed manipulate the microflora,which can be an alternative therapy for ulcerative colitis,and Crohn's disease.Several in vitro,in vivo and clinical studies for the initiation and maintenance of remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease have been completed.Those studies evaluated the efficacy of many probiotic formulations,especially about VSL#3.Even though the clinical studies proved that almost all the probiotic interventions are safe and bring improvement to patients,some studies are deficient in sample size,proper controls,and follow-ups.This paper summarizes the possible mechanism of inflammatory bowel disease development,probiotics,the clinical outcome of probiotic and synbiotic interventions for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease,as well as the adverse effect of probiotic treatments.

A comprehensive review on and-diabetic property of rice bran

Rice bran (RB) is one of the nutrient-rich agricultural byproducts.It is a composite of carbohydrates,lipids,proteins,fibers,minerals,and trace elements such as phosphorus,potassium,magnesium,calcium and manganese.The extraction and purification process influences the quality and quantity of rice bran oil,which is rich in tocopherols,tocotrienols,γ-oryzanol,and unsaturated fatty acids.The bioactive components of RB have been reported for exhibiting antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,hypocholesterolemic,anti-cancer,anti-colitis,and antidiabetic properties.In vitro and in vivo studies,and clinical trials in human volunteers revealed the anti-hyperglycemic activity of RB derived compounds.An updated comprehensive review on the antidiabetic property of RB and its derivative is required to appraise the current knowledge in the particular field.Thus,the present paper covered the composition and bioactivities of RB,and influence of extraction methods on the biological property of rice bran oil and rice bran extract.And the current review also focused on the reported antihyperglycemia activity of rice bran derivatives,and its probable mechanism.

Lactic acid bacteria mediated fermented soybean as a potent nutraceutical candidate

Objective: To study some soybean cultivars commonly used in Northern Thailand that exhibit high nutritional profile and to investigate the changes in bioactive principles and antioxidant capacity of the fermented soy broth that was prepared using the selected soybean cultivar and Lactobacillus paracasei HII02 mediated fermentation process. Methods: The best soybean cultivar was subjected to fermentation, and then analyzed the phytochemical, antioxidant and nutritional changes by high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric analysis. Results: Sor Jor 2 soybean cultivar showed rich nutritional profile and was subjected to fermentation process.Lactobacillus paracasei HII02 mediated fermentation of Sor Jor 2 soybean exhibited stable physical and chemical characteristics. Lactic acid bacteria mediated fermentation also increased the aglycone forms of isoflavone content,exhibited antioxidant capacity and thereby enhanced the quality of the fermented soy broth.It also prevented the growth of coliforms in fermented soybean. Conclusions: The study results suggest that fermented soybean is rich in nutrition and considered to be safe for consumption for the improvement of health and to treat the malnutrition.

Anti-hyperglycemic property of Hericium erinaceus-A mini review

Hericium erinaceus (H.erinaceus) is one of the widely used edible mushrooms around the world,primarily in Asian countries.H.erinaceus is used in traditional medicines,and mushroom based foods.The fruiting body and mycelia of H.erinaceus are extracted using the solvents,and several bioactive compounds were identified.Several studies have reported that those bioactive compounds exhibit many health benefits such as hemagglutinating,antimicrobial,immunomodulatory,anfitumor,antioxidant,and anti-aging activities,etc.This manuscript consciously updated the information about the composition of H.erinaceus,H.erinaceus based foods,and anti-hyperglycemic property of H.erinaceus.